Piston



F. J. ZIPPLER.

Wnesses: 3 In Uen for:

UNITED vSTATES FRANCIS J'.

PATENT OFFICE. l'

ZIPPLER, 0F AVALON, PENNSYLVANIA, .ASSIGNOR 0F ONE-HALF T0 CHARLES M.HOFFERT, 0F READING, PENNSYLVANIA.

PISTON.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jari'. 1&1, 1921.

Application filed May 8, 1920. Serial No. 379,801. n

To all 'whom t may concern.'-

Beit known that I, FRANCIS J. ZIPPLER, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Avalon in the county of` Allegheny and State ofennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Pistons; andI do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof. invention relates to pistons, and has specialreference to what are known as hollow pistons, such as areused ininternal combustion engines for automobiles etc.

These pistons are generally provided. with split piston or packing ringsfor engaging with the interior wall of the cylin` der, and the mainobject of my invention is to provide a cheap, simple and eilicient formof a piston, which will enable such rings to adhere more closely againstthe interior wall of the cylinder, and thus prevent the compression orexplosive mixture from passing between such rings and said cylinderwall, thereby overcoming loss of 'compression and the power incidentthereto.

Various other objects, such as durability,

cheapness in manufacture, and the general improvement of the art arealso provided for and will be brought out in the following specilicationand illustrated in the accompanying drawing.

To these ends my invention consists, generally stated, in' the novelarrangement, construction and combination of parts, as hereinafter morespecifically set forth and described and particularly pointed out in theclaims.

To enable others skilled in the art to which my invention appertains toconstruct and use my improved piston, I will describe the same morefully, referring to the accom` panying dra-wing, in which- Figure 1 is aside elevation of a hollow piston having my invention applied theretoandshowing the piston within the cylinder, which isin section;

Fig. 2 is a like view ,but showing the piston in section, and taken onthe line 2--2 Fig. l, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 3 is a top view of the plston and showing the cylinder incross-section;

As illustrated inthe drawing l designatesv the piston, which is providedwith the annular hollow piston or chamber 2 within the same, with theside walls 3 surrounding such portion and end walls 4 over the same.Vithin such hollow portion 2 is the usual wrist-pin 5, which extendsacross the same and is supported in bearings 6 formed in the side wall3. Within the side walls 3 of the piston l and at one end of the same isthe annular seat or groove 7 for `the reception of the usual piston oracking ring 8, which 'is movable around andD within said seatand is ofthe well known split form'. AAt the other end of the piston ,1' andwithin the side wall-s 3 and` adjacent the end wall 4 is the annularseat .or groove 9, which is of greater depth and length than the seat 7and has a plurality of openings 10 leading through said side walls. Eachofthe openings 10 communicate with an inclined groove or passage-way 11formed in the end wall 4 of the piston 1 and leading from the face ofsaid end wall inwardly to the inner end of said openings. Within theseat 9 is the master or supporting ring 12, which is of the split form,by being formed in a single section and connected to# gether at endportions 13 by4 a miter or oblique lapped joint 14, and such ring isprovidedwith lug portions 15 on its inner face, each of which extendsinto each of the openings 10.v These lug portions 15 act to keep thering 12 in position in the seat 9, so that the joint 14 on the ring willnot register with the openings 10 by moving along the seat in front ofsuch openings. The openings 10 are smaller' in depth than the seat 9 invorder to form shoulders 10 in the side walls 3, for fitting over thelugs 15 and against which the ring 12 bears in order to overcome anyloss of compression byvpreventing the explosive mixture from passingaround the edges of the said lugs and ring and through said openingsfrom the grooves 11. The ring 12 is provided with an annular flange 16extending out from the outer face of the same, which acts to form thetwo seats 17' between the same and the ends of the groove 9, and withineach of said seats is the piston ring 17 for bearing against thecylinder wall a of the cylinder. These piston rings 17 are of the usualsplit form and have the single section connected together at their endportions 18 by a miter or oblique lapped joint 19, and such rings aremovable around the seats 17' in bearing against the cylinder wall a.

The lugs 15 on the supporting ring 12 are formed slightly smaller thanthe openings 10 in order to allow sufficient play or clearance in theopenings to prevent binding therein and permit the operating fluid tostrike the saine, thereby forcing the ring 12 outward to enable the ring17 to come against the cylinder Wall a.

In operation of my improved piston 1 within the cylinder A, such pistonwill travel in the usual back and forth movement therein by reason ofthe explosive mixture striking the end of the piston in the usualmanner, and in order to move the piston rings 17 against the cylinderwall a, a portion of such mixture will pass through the passageavays orgrooves 11 and impinge against the rear face of the lugs 15 on thesupporting ring 12, vand this action of the explosive mixture will pressthe ring 12 and rings 17 mounted on the outer face of said ring 12outward, so thatthe ringsA 17 will come against the cylinder wall a andthus prevent any of such mixture passing by and between said rings,piston wall 3 and said cylinder Wall.

Various modifications and changes in the design and construction of myimproved piston may be resorted to, without departing from the spirit ofthe invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

It will thus be seen that the use of my improved piston will provide atight lit of the same to the cylinder bore or wall, and will enable theouter piston or packing rings used with the same to be worn down to asmall thickness before requiring renewal.

It will also bel seen that the outer piston or packing rings will engagethe cylinder bore or wall more closely and without much friction betweenthe parts` and enable the full force of the explosive mixture to act inmoving the piston, yet at the same time prevent leakage of such mixturealong these piston rings` and thereby overcome any loss of power inmoving the piston by such leaka e.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. An internal combustion engine piston f having its outer side wallsprovided with a seat within the outer face of the same and openings insaid seat extending through said wall, said piston having its end wallprovided with grooves leading to said openings,` a supporting split ringwithin said seat, split piston rings carried by said first named ring,and lug portions on said first named ring extending into said openingsand adapted to hold the split portion of said ring away from saidopenings, said lug portions being adapted to receive a portion of theoperating fluid passing through said grooves for forcing said ringsoutward and said last named rings against the cylinder wall.

2. An internal combustion engine piston having its outer side wallsprovided with a seat within the outer face of the same and openings insaid seat extending through said wall, said piston having its end wallprovided with grooves leading to said openings, a supporting split ringwithin said seat, split piston rings carried by said first named ring,lug portions on said first named ring extending into said openings andadapted to hold the split portion of said ring away from said openings,said lug portions being adapted to receive a portion of the operatingfluid passing through said grooves for forcing said rings outward andsaid last named rings against the cylinder wall, and

shoulders on said side wall extending into said openings for fittingaround said .lug portions and for bearing against said first named ring.

3. An internal combustion engine piston having its outer side wallprovided with a seat within the outer face of the same and openings insaid seat extending through said wall, said piston having its end wallprovided with grooves leading tosaid openings, a supporting split ringwithin said seat having a flange extending out from the same, splitpiston rings carried by said first named ring, and lug portions on saidfirst 1I named ring extending into said openings and adapted to hold thesplit portion of said ring away from said openings, said lug portionsbeing adapted to receive a portion of the operating fluid passingthrough said 1I grooves for forcing said rings outward and said 'lastnamed rings against the cylinder wall.

4. An internal combustion engine piston having its outer side wallsprovided with a 1 seat within the outer' face of the same and openingsin said seat extending through said wall, said piston having its endwall provided with grooves leading to said openings` a supporting splitring within said 1 seat, split piston rings carried by said first namedring and supported by said wall and flange` lug portions on said firstnamed ring extending into said openings and adapted to hold the splitportion of said ring away 1 means from said openings, said lug portionsbeing adapted to receive a portion of the operating fluid passingthrough said grooves for forcing said rings outward and said last namedrings against the cylinder Wall, and shoulders on said side Wallextending into said openings for fitting around said lug portions andfor bearing against said first named ring.

In testimony whereof, I, the said FRANCIS 10 J ZIPPLER, have hereuntoset m hand.

FRANCIS J. ZI PLER. Witness:

J. M. GEOGHEGAN.

